Pluteus

Pluteus.cervinus2.-.lindsey

Pluteus is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Pluteaceae. The members of this genus are commonly known as pluteus mushrooms or deer mushrooms, and they are primarily wood decomposers. Pluteus species are characterized by their free gills, pink spore print, lack of a volva or ring on the stem, and their growth on wood or wood remnants. These features distinguish them from other gilled mushrooms and are crucial for identification in the field.

Description

Pluteus mushrooms typically have a cap that is smooth and varies in color from white to various shades of brown or even pinkish. The gills are free from the stem, meaning they do not attach directly to it, and they turn pink as the spores mature. The stem of Pluteus species is usually central and lacks a ring. These mushrooms produce a pink spore print, which is a key identifying feature.

Habitat and Distribution

Pluteus species are saprobic, feeding on dead or decaying wood. They are commonly found in forests, woodlands, and sometimes in urban areas where wood is present, such as on mulched garden beds or in parks with dead trees. Pluteus species have a worldwide distribution, with various species adapted to different climates and ecosystems.

Ecology

As saprobes, Pluteus mushrooms play a significant role in the decomposition of wood, breaking down the cellulose and lignin in dead trees and contributing to the nutrient cycle within forests. This ecological role helps in the recycling of nutrients, making them available for other organisms and supporting forest health.

Species

The genus Pluteus contains several species, with Pluteus cervinus, commonly known as the deer mushroom, being one of the most widespread and well-known. Other notable species include Pluteus atricapillus, Pluteus salicinus, and Pluteus petasatus. Each species has specific morphological characteristics, but all share the common features of pink spores, free gills, and wood as a substrate.

Identification

Identification of Pluteus species involves examining the color and characteristics of the cap, the color of the gills and their attachment to the stem, the presence or absence of a ring, and the color of the spore print. Microscopic examination of spores can also be used for species-level identification.

Culinary and Toxicity

While some Pluteus species are edible, they are generally not considered among the best edible mushrooms due to their texture or lack of flavor. It is crucial to accurately identify any wild mushroom before consumption, as many mushrooms can be toxic or have look-alikes that are poisonous.

Conservation

The conservation status of Pluteus species varies depending on their habitat and distribution. Habitat destruction and pollution can impact some species, but many are adaptable and not currently considered at risk.