Pneumococcus

Pneumococcus (also known as Streptococcus pneumoniae) is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, facultative anaerobic member of the genus Streptococcus. They are usually found in pairs (diplococci) and are commonly present in the respiratory tract of healthy individuals.

Morphology

Pneumococci are spherical or ovoid bacteria that typically appear in pairs, known as diplococci, but can also occur singly and in short chains. When observed under a microscope, they are seen to be Gram-positive, and when cultured on blood agar, they appear as small colonies surrounded by a greenish or brownish discoloration known as alpha-hemolysis.

Pathogenesis

Pneumococci can cause many types of illnesses, including pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, and sinusitis. They are a major cause of bacterial meningitis, often leading to serious health problems and death. Infections are often treated with antibiotics, but the bacteria have developed resistance to many common drugs.

Vaccination

Vaccination against pneumococcus is recommended for all children and adults over the age of 65, as well as those with certain health conditions. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) are two types of vaccines used to prevent pneumococcal disease.

See also

• Streptococcus
• Pneumonia
• Meningitis
• Otitis media
• Sinusitis
• Antibiotic resistance

Pneumococcus Resources
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