Poke (dish)

Poke is a traditional Hawaiian dish that has gained international popularity, especially in the United States and other parts of the world. It is a raw fish salad, seasoned in various ways depending on personal or regional preferences. The word "poke" (pronounced POH-keh) itself means "to slice" or "cut crosswise into pieces" in Hawaiian.

Origins and History

Poke has its roots in the indigenous Hawaiian practice of preparing raw fish with sea salt, seaweed, and crushed kukui nuts. This preparation method dates back to the arrival of the first Polynesians on the Hawaiian Islands. Over time, with the influence of Asian immigrants, especially the Japanese, the dish evolved to include ingredients like soy sauce, green onions, and sesame oil, which are common in today's poke bowls.

Ingredients and Variations

The primary ingredient in poke is raw fish, typically tuna (especially the yellowfin or "ahi" variety) or octopus (known as "tako" in Hawaiian). However, modern variations may include raw salmon or various shellfish as the main protein. The fish is cut into cubes and then mixed with a variety of condiments. Common additions include:

- Soy sauce or shoyu - Sesame oil - Scallions or green onions - Seaweed (such as limu or wakame) - Chili peppers or hot sauce - Sea salt - Kukui nuts (candlenuts), roasted and crushed

This mixture is then served on its own or over a bowl of rice, making it a poke bowl. Poke bowls may also include additional ingredients like avocado, cucumber, mango, and masago (capelin roe) for extra flavor and texture.

Cultural Significance

Poke is more than just a dish in Hawaii; it is a cultural staple that reflects the islands' history, traditions, and the melting pot of cultures that have influenced Hawaiian cuisine. It is a symbol of local pride and is found everywhere from casual family gatherings to fine dining restaurants throughout the islands.

Popularity and Global Spread

In recent years, poke has seen a surge in popularity beyond Hawaii, with poke restaurants and food trucks popping up in cities around the world. This global trend has led to a wide variety of poke-inspired dishes, incorporating non-traditional ingredients and catering to a broad range of dietary preferences.

Controversies and Considerations

As poke has grown in popularity, concerns have been raised about the sustainability and environmental impact of increased fishing for tuna and other seafood. Additionally, the globalization of poke has sparked discussions about cultural appropriation and the importance of respecting the dish's Hawaiian origins and traditions.

See Also

- Hawaiian cuisine - Sashimi - Ceviche - Tartare