Polistes

Wasp May 2008-11

Polistes chinensis antennalis (cropped)

Polistes is a genus of wasps belonging to the family Vespidae. Polistes species are commonly known as paper wasps due to their habit of constructing nests made of a paper-like material consisting of chewed wood fibers mixed with saliva. This genus is one of the most well-known and widespread groups of social wasps and can be found in nearly every part of the world, from the tropics to temperate regions.

Description

Polistes wasps are easily recognizable by their characteristic long bodies and narrow waists. They typically have a length of 1.8 to 2.5 cm and display a variety of colors and patterns, ranging from yellow, brown, red, to black. Their appearance can vary significantly between species, but they generally have a pair of antennae and six legs, with the females possessing an ovipositor that doubles as a stinger.

Behavior

Polistes wasps are eusocial creatures, exhibiting a complex social structure within their colonies. Each colony is established and dominated by a queen, who is the primary egg-layer. Other females serve as workers, performing tasks such as foraging, nest construction, and defense. Unlike many other social insects, Polistes colonies tend to be relatively small, often consisting of fewer than a hundred individuals.

One of the most notable aspects of Polistes social behavior is their method of nest construction. The nests are typically open and consist of a single comb with cells where the wasps lay their eggs and rear their young. These nests are often found hanging from tree branches, eaves, or other overhangs.

Reproduction

The reproductive cycle of Polistes wasps begins in spring when overwintering queens emerge to establish new colonies. The queen initially raises the first brood of workers by herself, which then take over the duties of foraging and nest expansion, allowing the queen to focus on laying eggs. In late summer to early autumn, the colony produces new queens and males. After mating, these new queens find a place to overwinter and start the cycle anew the following spring.

Diet

Polistes wasps are omnivorous, feeding on nectar, fruit, and other sugary substances for energy. They also hunt caterpillars, flies, and other small insects to feed their larvae. This predatory behavior makes them beneficial in controlling pest populations, although they can become a nuisance when they nest near human habitation.

Interaction with Humans

While Polistes wasps are generally not aggressive, they can sting when they feel threatened or when their nest is disturbed. Their sting can be painful and, in rare cases, may trigger an allergic reaction in some individuals. However, they are also considered beneficial for their role in pollination and as natural pest controllers.

Conservation

The conservation status of Polistes species varies globally. While many species are common and not currently at risk, habitat destruction and climate change could potentially impact their populations. Conservation efforts are focused on preserving natural habitats and promoting biodiversity to ensure the survival of these and other insect species.