Polybrominated biphenyl

Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) is a class of chemical compounds that belong to the group of brominated flame retardants. These compounds are widely used in various industries due to their ability to reduce the flammability of materials. PBBs are structurally similar to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), but with bromine atoms replacing some or all of the chlorine atoms.

Chemical Properties

PBBs are composed of two benzene rings connected by a central carbon atom. The number and position of bromine atoms on the biphenyl structure can vary, resulting in different PBB congeners. The most common congeners include tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, and octa-brominated biphenyls.

Uses

PBBs have been widely used as flame retardants in various consumer products, including electronics, textiles, plastics, and foam materials. They are particularly effective in reducing the flammability of these materials, making them less prone to catching fire and spreading flames.

Environmental Impact

PBBs are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that can accumulate in the environment and pose a threat to both human health and ecosystems. These compounds have been found in air, water, soil, and biota, including fish and wildlife. PBBs can enter the environment through various pathways, such as industrial emissions, improper disposal of products containing PBBs, and leaching from landfills.

Health Effects

Exposure to PBBs has been associated with various adverse health effects. Studies have shown that PBBs can disrupt the endocrine system, leading to hormonal imbalances and reproductive disorders. They have also been linked to developmental delays, neurobehavioral effects, and immune system dysfunction. Additionally, PBBs are classified as probable human carcinogens, with evidence suggesting an increased risk of certain cancers.

Regulations and Restrictions

Due to the potential risks associated with PBBs, several countries and international organizations have implemented regulations and restrictions on their use and production. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, for example, lists PBBs as one of the chemicals subject to global regulation. Many countries have also banned or restricted the use of PBBs in certain products, such as electronics and textiles.

See Also

• Brominated Flame Retardants
• Polychlorinated Biphenyls
• Persistent Organic Pollutants