Polyvalent influenza vaccine

A vaccine designed to protect against multiple strains of influenza

Polyvalent Influenza Vaccine

A polyvalent influenza vaccine is a type of influenza vaccine that is formulated to provide immunity against multiple strains of the influenza virus. These vaccines are designed to protect against the most common and virulent strains of influenza that are expected to circulate during the upcoming flu season.

Fluzone intradermal influenza vaccine

Types of Polyvalent Influenza Vaccines

Polyvalent influenza vaccines are typically categorized based on the number of influenza virus strains they target. The most common types include:

Trivalent Influenza Vaccine

The trivalent influenza vaccine is designed to protect against three different influenza viruses: two influenza A viruses (H1N1 and H3N2) and one influenza B virus. This formulation has been the standard for many years.

Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine

The quadrivalent influenza vaccine includes protection against an additional influenza B virus strain, making it effective against four different strains. This broader coverage is intended to provide better protection, especially in seasons where multiple B strains are circulating.

Mechanism of Action

Polyvalent influenza vaccines work by stimulating the body's immune system to produce antibodies against the included strains of the influenza virus. When a vaccinated individual is later exposed to the virus, these antibodies help prevent infection or reduce the severity of the illness.

Development and Production

The development of polyvalent influenza vaccines involves predicting which strains of the virus are most likely to circulate in the upcoming flu season. This prediction is based on data collected from global surveillance networks. Once the strains are selected, the vaccine is produced using either egg-based, cell-based, or recombinant technology.

Diagram of influenza virus structure

Administration

Polyvalent influenza vaccines are typically administered via injection, although some formulations are available as nasal sprays. The vaccines are recommended annually, as the circulating strains of influenza virus can change from year to year.

Efficacy and Safety

The efficacy of polyvalent influenza vaccines can vary depending on the match between the vaccine strains and the circulating strains. However, even in years with a poor match, vaccination can still reduce the severity of illness and prevent complications. The vaccines are generally safe, with mild side effects such as soreness at the injection site or mild fever being the most common.

Related Pages

• Influenza vaccine
• Influenza virus
• Vaccine
• Immunization