Polywell

Polywell is a type of nuclear fusion reactor that uses an electric field to heat ions to fusion conditions. It is a variant of the Fusor, a device that creates fusion by using an electric field to heat ions to fusion conditions. The name "Polywell" is a combination of "polyhedron" and "potential well".

History

The concept of Polywell was developed by physicist Robert Bussard, who believed that it could provide a practical solution to energy production through nuclear fusion. Bussard's work on Polywell was initially funded by the U.S. Navy, but funding was discontinued in 2007. Despite this, research and development on Polywell continues through private companies such as Tri Alpha Energy and EMC2 Fusion.

Design and Operation

The Polywell reactor design consists of a polyhedral magnetic field that contains a cloud of ions. The ions are accelerated towards the center of the reactor by an electric field, where they collide and undergo fusion. The fusion reactions produce high-energy neutrons and helium, which can be used to generate electricity.

The key advantage of the Polywell design is its potential for net energy gain. Unlike other fusion reactor designs, the Polywell does not require a large amount of energy to maintain the fusion reaction. This makes it a promising candidate for a practical fusion power plant.

Challenges and Criticisms

Despite its potential, the Polywell design faces several challenges. One of the main criticisms is the difficulty in maintaining a stable plasma cloud within the reactor. The plasma tends to spread out and lose energy, which reduces the efficiency of the fusion reactions.

Another challenge is the production of high-energy neutrons, which can cause damage to the reactor walls and produce radioactive waste. However, proponents of the Polywell design argue that these issues can be mitigated through proper reactor design and materials.

Future Prospects

The future of Polywell as a practical fusion power source depends on overcoming the technical challenges and demonstrating a net energy gain. If successful, it could provide a clean, abundant source of energy and help to mitigate the effects of climate change.