Pontic

Pontic refers to an artificial tooth on a dental bridge that fills the gap left by a missing tooth. It is anchored between two natural teeth, which serve as supports for the bridge, or to dental implants. The term "pontic" comes from the Latin "ponticus," which relates to bridges. In dentistry, pontics are crucial for restoring dental function and aesthetics, preventing the shifting of adjacent teeth, and maintaining the integrity of the facial structure.

Types of Pontics

There are several types of pontics used in dentistry, each with its own advantages and specific applications. The choice of pontic design depends on the location of the missing tooth, the health of the adjacent teeth, and aesthetic considerations.

• Ridge Lap Pontic: This design covers the alveolar ridge and is often used for its aesthetic appearance. However, it can be difficult to clean.
• Sanitary or Hygienic Pontic: Designed for easy cleaning, this pontic does not touch the gum tissue, making it a good choice for posterior areas where aesthetics are less of a concern.
• Modified Ridge Lap Pontic: A compromise between the ridge lap and sanitary pontics, it has a smaller contact area with the gum to facilitate cleaning while still providing a natural appearance.
• Conical Pontic: Shaped like a cone, it is easy to clean and is used primarily in areas of the mouth where aesthetics are not a primary concern.
• Ovate Pontic: This pontic type is designed to create the illusion of a tooth emerging from the gum. It requires a surgical procedure to prepare the site, but offers excellent aesthetic results.

Materials

Pontics can be made from a variety of materials, including:

• Porcelain: Popular for its aesthetic qualities, as it can be matched to the color of natural teeth.
• Metal: Often used for strength, especially in areas of the mouth where chewing forces are greatest.
• Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM): Combines the strength of metal with the aesthetic appeal of porcelain.
• Composite Resin: Sometimes used for temporary bridges or for patients with allergies to other materials.
• Zirconia: Known for its strength and aesthetic qualities, making it a popular choice for both front and back teeth.

Procedure

The process of getting a pontic typically involves several steps:

1. Preparation of Abutment Teeth: The teeth adjacent to the missing tooth are prepared by removing a portion of enamel to accommodate the bridge. 2. Impressions: An impression of the prepared teeth is taken and sent to a dental laboratory, where the bridge, including the pontic, is fabricated. 3. Temporary Bridge: A temporary bridge is often placed while the permanent bridge is being made. 4. Fitting: Once the permanent bridge is ready, the temporary bridge is removed, and the new bridge is fitted, adjusted, and cemented into place.

Maintenance

Proper care of a dental bridge with a pontic includes regular brushing and flossing, as well as regular dental check-ups. Special flossing tools, like floss threaders or water flossers, may be recommended to clean under the pontic.

Complications

While pontics can significantly improve oral health and aesthetics, there are potential complications, including:

• Decay of Abutment Teeth: If not properly maintained, the teeth supporting the bridge can decay.
• Gum Disease: Poor oral hygiene can lead to gum disease around the bridge.
• Bridge Failure: Bridges can fail if the supporting teeth or the bridge itself becomes damaged.