Positive behavior support

Positive Behavior Support (PBS) is a behavior management system used to understand what maintains an individual's challenging behavior. People's inappropriate behaviors are difficult to change because they are functional; they serve a purpose for them. These behaviors are supported by reinforcement in the environment. In the case of PBS, the focus is on increasing the individual's skills and opportunities for positive experiences and interactions. This approach to behavior support is considered best practice in the field of special education and behavioral psychology.

Overview

PBS is a proactive approach that combines behavioral science, values, and a person-centered philosophy to produce meaningful outcomes for individuals in various settings, including schools, early childhood settings, homes, and workplaces. The goal of PBS is not only to eliminate challenging behavior but to teach and reinforce positive behaviors that serve the same function as the challenging behaviors. This approach is comprehensive and looks at non-aversive methods over punitive measures, focusing on quality of life as well as behavior change.

History

The concept of Positive Behavior Support emerged in the 1980s, as a response to the traditional methods of managing challenging behaviors, which often involved the use of aversive techniques and punishment. PBS was developed as an alternative that was more respectful and humane, grounded in the rights of individuals to be treated with dignity and respect.

Key Components

The key components of PBS include:

• Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA): An FBA is conducted to identify the purpose behind a behavior. This involves gathering information on the antecedents (what happens before a behavior), the behavior itself, and the consequences (what happens after the behavior).
• Behavior Support Plan (BSP): Based on the results of the FBA, a BSP is developed. This plan includes strategies for preventing the challenging behavior, teaching new skills, and reinforcing desired behaviors.
• Data Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of the behavior and the effectiveness of the intervention is essential. This data is used to make adjustments to the BSP as needed.

Implementation

PBS can be implemented at three levels:

• Universal Prevention (Primary): Strategies that affect all individuals within a setting to establish a foundation of regular, positive behavior.
• Targeted Prevention (Secondary): Strategies for individuals who are at risk of developing challenging behaviors, focusing on specific groups.
• Intensive, Individualized Interventions (Tertiary): Highly individualized strategies for individuals who display persistent challenging behaviors, involving more intensive support.

Benefits

The benefits of PBS include:

• Reduction in challenging behaviors
• Increased engagement in prosocial behaviors
• Improved quality of life for individuals and their support networks
• Reduction in the use of aversive and punitive interventions

Challenges

Implementing PBS can be challenging due to:

• The need for a shift in mindset from traditional behavior management strategies
• The requirement for ongoing training and support for staff and caregivers
• The necessity of consistent and continuous data collection and analysis

Conclusion

Positive Behavior Support represents a significant shift in how challenging behaviors are understood and addressed. By focusing on positive reinforcement and skill-building, PBS offers a humane and effective approach to behavior management that respects the dignity of individuals.