Posterolateral sulcus of medulla oblongata

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Posterolateral Sulcus of Medulla Oblongata

The posterolateral sulcus of the medulla oblongata is a notable anatomical feature of the medulla oblongata, which is part of the brainstem. This sulcus is located on the lateral aspect of the medulla oblongata, running parallel to the anterior median fissure and the posterior median sulcus.

Anatomy

The posterolateral sulcus serves as a landmark for the emergence of several important cranial nerves. Specifically, the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX), the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X), and the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) all emerge from this sulcus. These nerves are crucial for various functions, including swallowing, speech, and movements of the neck and shoulders.

Function

The medulla oblongata, where the posterolateral sulcus is located, plays a critical role in autonomic functions such as respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure regulation. The cranial nerves that emerge from the posterolateral sulcus contribute to these functions by transmitting sensory and motor information between the brain and the body.

Clinical Significance

Damage or lesions to the posterolateral sulcus or the cranial nerves emerging from it can lead to significant clinical conditions. For instance, damage to the vagus nerve can result in difficulties with speech and swallowing, while damage to the accessory nerve can cause weakness in the shoulder muscles.

Related Structures

• Anterior median fissure
• Posterior median sulcus
• Glossopharyngeal nerve
• Vagus nerve
• Accessory nerve
• Medulla oblongata
• Brainstem

See Also

• Cranial nerves
• Autonomic nervous system
• Neuroanatomy