Potassium hydrogen carbonate

Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate

Potassium hydrogen carbonate, also known as potassium bicarbonate, is a chemical compound with the formula KHCO₃. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water and is commonly used in baking, as a leavening agent, and in agriculture as a source of potassium.

Chemical Properties

Potassium hydrogen carbonate is a salt that consists of potassium ions (K⁺) and bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻). It is a weak base and can react with acids to produce carbon dioxide, water, and a potassium salt. The compound decomposes upon heating to form potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃), water, and carbon dioxide:

\[ 2 \text{KHCO}_3 \rightarrow \text{K}_2\text{CO}_3 + \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{CO}_2 \uparrow \]

Uses

Baking

In baking, potassium hydrogen carbonate is used as a leavening agent. It reacts with acidic components in the dough to release carbon dioxide gas, which causes the dough to rise. This is similar to the action of sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda.

Agriculture

Potassium hydrogen carbonate is used in agriculture as a source of potassium, an essential nutrient for plant growth. It is often applied to soil to correct potassium deficiencies and improve crop yield.

Fire Extinguishers

Potassium hydrogen carbonate is used in some dry chemical fire extinguishers. It is effective in extinguishing fires by releasing carbon dioxide, which displaces oxygen and smothers the fire.

Health and Safety

Potassium hydrogen carbonate is generally regarded as safe when used in food and agriculture. However, it should be handled with care to avoid inhalation of dust, which can irritate the respiratory tract. In case of contact with eyes or skin, it should be rinsed thoroughly with water.

Environmental Impact

Potassium hydrogen carbonate is considered environmentally benign. It does not persist in the environment and breaks down into naturally occurring substances.

Also see

• Potassium carbonate
• Sodium bicarbonate
• Leavening agent
• Potassium