Precancerous cells

Precancerous cells are abnormal cells that may develop into cancer. They are also known as premalignant cells. These cells are not yet cancerous, but they have the potential to become cancerous if not treated or monitored properly.

Definition

Precancerous cells are cells that have undergone some, but not all, of the changes necessary to become a cancer cell. These cells appear abnormal when viewed under a microscope, but they do not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body, as cancer cells do.

Causes

The exact cause of precancerous cells is not known, but they are often associated with certain risk factors. These can include exposure to carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke or certain chemicals, chronic inflammation, certain viral infections, and a family history of cancer.

Types

There are several types of precancerous conditions, including actinic keratosis, which affects the skin, Barrett's esophagus, which affects the lining of the esophagus, and cervical dysplasia, which affects the cervix.

Diagnosis

Precancerous cells are often detected during routine screening tests, such as a Pap smear or a colonoscopy. If precancerous cells are found, further testing may be needed to determine the extent of the condition and the best course of treatment.

Treatment

The treatment for precancerous cells depends on the type and extent of the condition. Options can include watchful waiting, medication, or surgery to remove the precancerous cells. In some cases, no treatment may be needed, but regular monitoring is usually recommended.

Prevention

Preventing precancerous cells involves reducing exposure to known risk factors. This can include quitting smoking, protecting the skin from the sun, eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and getting vaccinated against certain viruses, such as the human papillomavirus (HPV).

See also

• Cancer
• Carcinogenesis
• Oncology