Pap smear

Pap smear (also known as a Pap test or cervical smear) is a screening procedure for cervical cancer. It involves collecting cells from the cervix, the lower, narrow end of the uterus that's at the top of the vagina.

Procedure

The Pap smear is usually done in conjunction with a pelvic exam. In women, the Pap test may be used to screen for several types of cancer, including cancers of the cervix, ovary, vagina, and vulva. During a Pap smear, a device called a speculum is used to hold your vaginal walls apart. A sample of cells from your cervix is collected using a small cone-shaped brush or a tiny wooden spatula (or both). Your doctor then rinses the brush or spatula in a liquid-filled vial and sends the vial to a laboratory for testing.

Purpose

The primary purpose of a Pap smear test is to screen for cervical cancer. Early detection and treatment of cervical cancer can significantly increase the likelihood of survival. The Pap smear can detect changes in your cervical cells that suggest cancer may develop in the future.

Risks

While the Pap smear procedure is relatively safe, it's not without risks. The test may be uncomfortable but shouldn't cause long-term physical discomfort. False-positive and false-negative results can occur.

Results

A Pap smear test result can either be normal or abnormal. If the test results are normal, your chance of getting cervical cancer in the next few years is very low. If the test results are abnormal, this doesn't mean you have cancer. However, it's important to follow up with your doctor to determine the cause of the abnormal cells and to monitor any changes.

See also

• Cervical cancer
• Cancer screening
• Pelvic exam

Pap smear Resources
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