Tubal ligation

Tubal ligation is a surgical procedure for sterilization in which a woman's fallopian tubes are clamped, blocked, or severed and sealed. This procedure prevents eggs from reaching the uterus for implantation. Tubal ligation is considered a permanent method of birth control.

Procedure

Tubal ligation can be performed in several ways, including minimally invasive surgery or laparoscopy, laparotomy, or at the time of cesarean section or shortly after vaginal delivery if the uterus is still enlarged. The fallopian tubes are accessed and then occluded by either removing a segment of each tube, sealing it with electrical coagulation, or applying clips.

Effectiveness

Tubal ligation is highly effective at preventing pregnancy, with failure rates varying from 0.5 to 1.0 percent in the first year following the procedure. The procedure does not protect against sexually transmitted infections.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with tubal ligation. These include complications from anesthesia, infection, damage to surrounding organs, and ectopic pregnancy if the procedure fails. Some women may also experience regret after the procedure, particularly if their circumstances change.

Reversal

While tubal ligation is intended to be permanent, in some cases it can be reversed. A tubal ligation reversal is a procedure that can restore fertility in women who have had a tubal ligation. However, the success of reversal surgery depends on many factors, including the method of tubal ligation and the woman's age and overall fertility.

See Also

• Birth control
• Sterilization (medicine)
• Tubal ligation reversal
• Hysterectomy
• Vasectomy