Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) is a pre-cancerous condition in the vagina that can potentially develop into vaginal cancer. It is characterized by the presence of abnormal cells in the lining of the vagina.

Causes[edit | edit source]

VAIN is often caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly types 16 and 18. Other risk factors include a history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), or anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), as well as immunosuppression and smoking.

Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis of VAIN is typically made through a biopsy of the vaginal tissue. This can be done during a colposcopy, a procedure that uses a special magnifying instrument to examine the vagina and cervix. The biopsy sample is then examined under a microscope to check for abnormal cells.

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for VAIN depends on the severity of the condition. Options may include laser therapy, cryotherapy (freezing the abnormal cells), or surgery to remove the abnormal tissue. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary, and the condition may be monitored with regular Pap tests.

Prognosis[edit | edit source]

The prognosis for VAIN is generally good, especially when the condition is detected and treated early. However, it is important for women with VAIN to have regular follow-up exams to monitor for any changes in the vaginal tissue.

See also[edit | edit source]

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia Resources
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