Uterine cancer

Cancer that forms in tissues of the uterus

Uterine cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the tissues of the uterus. The most common type of uterine cancer is endometrial cancer, which begins in the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium.

Types

Uterine cancer primarily includes two types:

• Endometrial cancer: This is the most prevalent form of uterine cancer, accounting for more than 90% of cases. It typically occurs in postmenopausal women and is often detected at an early stage due to abnormal vaginal bleeding.

• Uterine sarcoma: This is a rarer form of uterine cancer that originates in the muscle or other tissues of the uterus. It is more aggressive and has a poorer prognosis compared to endometrial cancer.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of uterine cancer include:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
• Pelvic pain
• Pain during intercourse
• Unexplained weight loss

Risk factors

Several factors can increase the risk of developing uterine cancer, including:

• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Use of estrogen without progesterone
• Family history of uterine or colorectal cancer

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of uterine cancer typically involves:

• Pelvic examination
• Transvaginal ultrasound
• Endometrial biopsy
• Hysteroscopy

Treatment

Treatment options for uterine cancer depend on the stage and type of cancer and may include:

• Surgery: The most common treatment is a hysterectomy, which involves the removal of the uterus.
• Radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
• Hormone therapy

Prognosis

The prognosis for uterine cancer varies based on the type and stage of the cancer at diagnosis. Early-stage endometrial cancer has a high survival rate, while uterine sarcoma has a less favorable outcome.

Prevention

Preventive measures include maintaining a healthy weight, managing chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension, and discussing the risks and benefits of hormone therapy with a healthcare provider.

Epidemiology

Uterine cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women in the United States. The incidence is higher in developed countries compared to developing countries.

Images

Diagram showing the origins of uterine cancer

Global mortality rates for uterine cancer

Related pages

• Endometrial cancer
• Cervical cancer
• Ovarian cancer

References

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  Uterus with Cancer Origins

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  Corpus uteri cancer world map - Death - WHO 2004