Vaginal bleeding

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Vaginal bleeding
File:Sonohysterography.gif Sonohysterography showing uterine cavity
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Bleeding from the vagina
Complications	Anemia, hypovolemic shock
Onset	Any age, varies by cause
Duration	Varies by cause
Types	N/A
Causes	Menstruation, pregnancy complications, hormonal imbalance, uterine fibroids, cancer
Risks	Pregnancy, menopause, hormonal therapy
Diagnosis	Pelvic examination, ultrasound, blood tests
Differential diagnosis	Menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Depends on cause; may include medication, surgery
Medication	Hormonal therapy, tranexamic acid, NSAIDs
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	Rare, unless due to severe underlying condition

Vaginal bleeding is a medical condition characterized by bleeding from the vagina. It can occur at various stages of a woman's life and can be a normal physiological process or an indication of an underlying medical condition.

Causes

Vaginal bleeding can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Menstruation: The most common cause of vaginal bleeding in women of reproductive age.
• Pregnancy: Bleeding can occur during pregnancy due to implantation, miscarriage, or other complications.
• Hormonal imbalances: Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders can cause irregular bleeding.
• Infections: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or other infections of the reproductive tract.
• Trauma: Injury to the vaginal area.
• Medications: Certain medications, including anticoagulants and hormonal contraceptives, can cause bleeding.
• Cancer: Cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, or other gynecological cancers.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of vaginal bleeding involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Diagnostic tests may include:

• Pelvic examination
• Pap smear
• Ultrasound
• Blood tests
• Endometrial biopsy

Treatment

Treatment for vaginal bleeding depends on the underlying cause. Options may include:

• Hormonal therapy
• Antibiotics for infections
• Surgical procedures for structural abnormalities or cancer
• Lifestyle changes and management of underlying conditions

When to Seek Medical Attention

It is important to seek medical attention if vaginal bleeding is:

• Heavy or prolonged
• Accompanied by severe pain
• Occurring during pregnancy
• Associated with other symptoms such as fever or unusual discharge

See Also

• Menstrual cycle
• Amenorrhea
• Dysmenorrhea
• Menorrhagia
• Metrorrhagia