Abnormal vaginal bleeding

Abnormal vaginal bleeding is a medical condition characterized by bleeding from the vagina that is not part of a regular menstrual cycle. This can include bleeding between periods, after sexual intercourse, or after menopause. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and certain types of cancer.

Causes

Abnormal vaginal bleeding can be caused by a variety of factors. These can include:

• Hormonal imbalances: These can cause irregular or heavy menstrual bleeding. Hormonal imbalances can be caused by a variety of factors, including stress, significant weight loss or gain, or certain medical conditions.

• Uterine fibroids: These are noncancerous growths in the uterus that can cause heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding.

• Endometriosis: This is a condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, which can cause heavy or painful periods.

• Cancer: Certain types of cancer, including cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, can cause abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Symptoms

Symptoms of abnormal vaginal bleeding can vary depending on the underlying cause. They can include:

• Bleeding between periods
• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Bleeding after sexual intercourse
• Bleeding after menopause

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of abnormal vaginal bleeding typically involves a physical examination, a review of the patient's medical history, and potentially further diagnostic tests. These can include:

• Pelvic ultrasound: This can help to identify any abnormalities in the uterus or ovaries that may be causing the bleeding.

• Endometrial biopsy: This involves taking a small sample of tissue from the lining of the uterus for examination under a microscope.

• Hysteroscopy: This is a procedure that allows the doctor to look inside the uterus using a thin, lighted tube.

Treatment

Treatment for abnormal vaginal bleeding depends on the underlying cause. It can include:

• Hormone therapy: This can help to regulate the menstrual cycle and reduce bleeding.

• Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove fibroids or other abnormalities.

• Cancer treatment: If the bleeding is caused by cancer, treatment may involve surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

See also

• Menstrual cycle
• Uterine fibroids
• Endometriosis
• Cervical cancer
• Endometrial cancer