Surgical procedures

Surgical procedures are medical interventions in which a surgeon uses instruments to physically alter tissues or structures in the body. Surgical procedures can be diagnostic, therapeutic, or reconstructive, and they range from minimally invasive techniques to major operations.

List of Common Surgical Procedures

This list provides an overview of various surgical procedures across different medical specialties:

General Surgery

• Appendectomy: Removal of the appendix.
• Cholecystectomy: Removal of the gallbladder.
• Herniorrhaphy: Repair of hernias.

Cardiovascular surgery

• Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): Bypassing blocked coronary arteries.
• Valve replacement: Replacing damaged heart valves.

Neurosurgery

• Craniotomy: Opening of the skull to access the brain.
• Laminectomy: Removal of vertebral bone to relieve spinal cord or nerve root pressure.

Orthopedic surgery

• Arthroscopy: Examination and sometimes treatment of joint issues using a scope.
• Total hip replacement: Replacement of the hip joint with an artificial implant.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

• Rhinoplasty: Surgical reshaping of the nose.
• Mastectomy: Removal of the breast, often used to treat or prevent breast cancer.

Obstetrics and Gynecology

• Cesarean section: Surgical delivery of a baby.
• Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus.

Urology

• Nephrectomy: Removal of a kidney.
• Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): Removal of part of the prostate gland.

Considerations and Complications

Surgical procedures carry inherent risks. These can include:

• Anesthesia complications: Issues arising from the administration of anesthesia.
• Bleeding and infection: Common complications post-surgery.
• Scarring: Resulting from incisions.
• Organ damage: Accidental injury to organs during surgery.

It's essential for patients to discuss potential risks and benefits of surgery with their surgeon and medical team before undergoing a procedure.

Advances in Surgical Procedures

Technological advancements have ushered in a new era of surgical procedures:

• Minimally invasive surgery: Techniques that use smaller incisions, resulting in quicker recovery and reduced risk of complications.
• Robotic surgery: Uses robotic systems to aid surgeons, providing greater precision.

See Also

• Anesthesia
• Medical diagnosis
• Postoperative care

Surgical procedures Resources
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