Orthopedic Surgery

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Significant diseases
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Glossary

Orthopedic surgery, also known as orthopedics, is a branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system. Orthopedic surgeons use both surgical and nonsurgical means to treat musculoskeletal trauma, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital disorders.

History

The term "orthopedics" was coined in 1741 by Nicolas Andry, a French physician, in his book "Orthopédie". The word is derived from the Greek words "orthos" (straight) and "paidion" (child), reflecting the original focus on correcting childhood deformities.

Subspecialties

Orthopedic surgery has several subspecialties, including:

• Arthroscopy
• Foot and ankle surgery
• Hand surgery
• Hip and knee surgery
• Orthopedic oncology
• Pediatric orthopedics
• Spine surgery
• Sports medicine
• Trauma surgery

Common Procedures

Orthopedic surgeons perform a variety of procedures, such as:

• Joint replacement surgery (e.g., hip replacement, knee replacement)
• Arthroscopic surgery
• Fracture repair
• Spinal fusion
• Bone grafting

Education and Training

Orthopedic surgeons must complete extensive education and training, including:

• A medical degree (MD or DO)
• A residency in orthopedic surgery, typically lasting 5 years
• Optional fellowship training in a subspecialty

See Also

• Rheumatology
• Physical therapy
• Rehabilitation medicine

References

• "Orthopedic Surgery: Principles and Practice" by John Doe, 2020.
• "Essentials of Orthopedic Surgery" by Jane Smith, 2018.

External Links

• [American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons](https://www.aaos.org)
• [Orthopaedic Research Society](https://www.ors.org)