Autologous chondrocyte implantation

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a biomedical procedure used to treat cartilage defects, particularly in the knee joint. The procedure involves the extraction, culture, and implantation of chondrocytes (cartilage cells) from the patient's own body, hence the term 'autologous'.

Procedure

The ACI procedure is typically performed in two stages. The first stage involves the arthroscopic harvesting of healthy cartilage tissue from a non-weight bearing area of the knee. The harvested tissue is then sent to a laboratory where the chondrocytes are isolated and cultured for several weeks to increase their number.

The second stage of the procedure, which usually takes place several weeks after the first, involves the implantation of the cultured chondrocytes into the area of cartilage damage. This is done through a small incision in the knee, and the chondrocytes are held in place with a periosteal patch, which is sutured over the defect.

Indications

ACI is typically indicated for young, active individuals with a single, large cartilage defect in the knee. It is often used when more conservative treatments, such as physical therapy and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), have failed to provide relief.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, ACI carries some risks, including infection, bleeding, and reactions to anesthesia. Specific to the procedure, there may be complications related to the growth and integration of the implanted chondrocytes, such as graft failure or overgrowth.

Effectiveness

Studies have shown that ACI can be an effective treatment for cartilage defects, with many patients experiencing significant improvements in pain and function. However, the procedure is not without its limitations, and long-term outcomes can vary.

See Also

• Cartilage
• Knee joint
• Chondrocytes
• Physical therapy
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs