Arthrodesis

File:Arthrodesis of the thumb.jpg

Arthrodesis is a surgical procedure that involves the fusion of two bones to form a single continuous bone. This procedure is typically performed to alleviate pain in a joint that cannot be managed by other treatments. Arthrodesis is commonly used in the treatment of severe arthritis, fractures, and deformities.

Indications

Arthrodesis is indicated in several conditions, including:

• Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis that cause severe joint pain and disability.
• Severe joint instability or deformity.
• Chronic joint infections.
• Failed joint replacements.
• Certain types of fractures that do not heal properly.

Procedure

The procedure involves the removal of the articular cartilage from the joint surfaces, followed by the alignment of the bones in the desired position. The bones are then held together using various fixation methods such as:

• Metal plates and screws.
• Intramedullary rods.
• External fixation devices.

Bone grafts may also be used to promote the fusion process. These grafts can be autografts (taken from the patient's own body) or allografts (donor tissue).

Recovery

Recovery from arthrodesis can be a lengthy process, often requiring several months for the bones to fully fuse. During this time, patients may need to use crutches or other assistive devices to avoid putting weight on the affected joint. Physical therapy is often recommended to maintain muscle strength and joint flexibility.

Complications

As with any surgical procedure, arthrodesis carries certain risks and potential complications, including:

• Infection.
• Nonunion (failure of the bones to fuse).
• Malunion (bones fuse in an incorrect position).
• Nerve damage.
• Blood clots.

Common Sites for Arthrodesis

Arthrodesis can be performed on various joints, including:

• Spine (spinal fusion).
• Ankle.
• Wrist.
• Knee.
• Hip.
• Shoulder.

Alternatives

Alternatives to arthrodesis may include:

• Joint replacement.
• Osteotomy.
• Physical therapy.
• Medications for pain and inflammation.

See Also

• Orthopedic surgery
• Joint replacement
• Bone grafting
• Physical therapy