Cervical conization

Cervical conization, also known as a cone biopsy, is a surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat abnormalities of the cervix. This procedure involves the removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix in which abnormal cells are present. Cervical conization is often recommended after other tests and procedures, such as a Pap smear or colposcopy, indicate the presence of precancerous or cancerous cells in the cervix.

Indications

Cervical conization is indicated for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), a precancerous condition, especially when it is suspected that the abnormal cells extend into the endocervical canal. It is also performed when Pap smear or colposcopy results are inconclusive, or when there is a discrepancy between the two tests. Additionally, it may be recommended for early-stage cervical cancers.

Procedure

The procedure can be performed using one of several techniques, including cold knife conization (CKC), loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), or laser surgery. The choice of technique depends on various factors, including the extent of the cervical abnormality and the patient's overall health.

Cold Knife Conization (CKC)

CKC involves the use of a scalpel to remove the cone-shaped sample of tissue. This method is usually performed under general anesthesia in a hospital setting.

Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP)

LEEP uses a thin, low-voltage electrified wire loop to cut away the abnormal tissue. It can often be performed in an outpatient setting under local anesthesia.

Laser Surgery

Laser surgery utilizes a focused beam of light to remove abnormal cells. Like LEEP, it can sometimes be done in an outpatient setting.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, cervical conization carries risks. Complications may include bleeding, infection, and narrowing of the cervix (cervical stenosis), which can affect fertility and the ability to carry a pregnancy to term. There is also a risk of preterm birth in subsequent pregnancies.

Recovery

Recovery time varies depending on the method used and the individual's overall health. Patients may experience mild discomfort, spotting, or a watery discharge for a few weeks post-procedure. It is important to follow the healthcare provider's instructions regarding rest, activity level, and follow-up appointments.

Follow-up

Follow-up care after cervical conization is crucial to ensure the complete removal of abnormal cells and to monitor for potential recurrence. This typically involves regular Pap smears and possibly HPV testing.