Prenatal surgery

Prenatal Surgery is a specialized branch of fetal medicine that involves performing surgical procedures on an unborn baby (fetus) while it is still in the womb. This field of medicine has seen significant advancements over the past few decades, with the first successful prenatal surgery being performed in the 1980s.

History

The concept of prenatal surgery was first proposed in the 1960s, but it was not until the 1980s that the first successful prenatal surgery was performed. This was a major milestone in the field of fetal medicine, and it paved the way for further advancements in the field.

Types of Prenatal Surgery

There are two main types of prenatal surgery: open fetal surgery and minimally invasive fetoscopic surgery.

Open Fetal Surgery

In open fetal surgery, a surgeon makes an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus to reach the fetus. This type of surgery is typically used for conditions that are severe and cannot be treated with less invasive methods.

Minimally Invasive Fetoscopic Surgery

Minimally invasive fetoscopic surgery involves inserting a small tube with a camera (fetoscope) into the mother's uterus. The surgeon then uses the fetoscope to guide small surgical instruments to the fetus. This type of surgery is less invasive than open fetal surgery and is typically used for conditions that can be treated without directly opening the uterus.

Conditions Treated

Prenatal surgery can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including spina bifida, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.

Risks and Complications

Like all surgical procedures, prenatal surgery carries risks and potential complications. These can include preterm labor, infection, and complications related to anesthesia. The specific risks and complications can vary depending on the type of surgery and the condition being treated.

Future of Prenatal Surgery

The field of prenatal surgery continues to evolve, with ongoing research focused on developing new techniques and improving outcomes for both the mother and the fetus. This includes the development of less invasive surgical techniques and the use of robotic surgery.