Sacrococcygeal teratoma

Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Synonyms	SCT
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Mass at the base of the tailbone, constipation, urinary retention
Complications	Malignancy, hemorrhage, hydrops fetalis
Onset	Prenatal
Duration	Varies
Types	Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV
Causes	Germ cell tumor
Risks	Female sex, twin pregnancy
Diagnosis	Ultrasound, MRI, CT scan
Differential diagnosis	Myelomeningocele, neuroblastoma, sacral agenesis
Prevention	None
Treatment	Surgical resection
Medication	Chemotherapy (if malignant)
Prognosis	Generally good if benign
Frequency	1 in 35,000 to 40,000 live births
Deaths	N/A

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a type of tumor that develops at the base of the coccyx (tailbone) of a newborn. It is a rare congenital disorder, occurring in approximately 1 in 40,000 live births. SCTs can be benign or malignant, and are more common in females than in males.

Signs and Symptoms

The most common sign of a sacrococcygeal teratoma is a mass that can be felt or seen on the newborn's lower back. Other symptoms may include constipation, urinary retention, and, in severe cases, respiratory distress due to the size of the tumor.

Causes

The exact cause of sacrococcygeal teratoma is unknown. However, it is believed to originate from pluripotent stem cells in the Hensen's node area during embryonic development.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of SCT is often made prenatally through ultrasound imaging. Postnatal diagnosis is made through physical examination and imaging studies such as MRI or CT scan.

Treatment

Treatment for SCT typically involves surgical removal of the tumor. In some cases, chemotherapy may be required if the tumor is malignant.

Prognosis

The prognosis for SCT largely depends on the type and size of the tumor, as well as the presence of any complications. With early detection and treatment, the prognosis is generally good.

See Also

• Teratoma
• Coccyx
• Tumor