Pressurized water reactor

Pressurized water reactor (PWR) is a type of nuclear reactor that uses light water as both a coolant and a neutron moderator. This distinguishes it from other types of reactors such as boiling water reactors (BWRs) and heavy water reactors (HWRs). PWRs are the most common type of nuclear reactors, accounting for over 60% of all nuclear reactors worldwide.

Design and Operation

The design of a PWR involves several key components: the reactor core, the reactor pressure vessel, the coolant system, and the containment building. The reactor core contains the nuclear fuel assemblies, which are composed of uranium or plutonium fuel rods. The reactor pressure vessel is a robust steel vessel that houses the reactor core and withstands the high pressure of the coolant.

In a PWR, the coolant (light water) is pumped under high pressure to the reactor core. The heat generated by the nuclear reactions in the core raises the temperature of the coolant, but the high pressure prevents it from boiling. The heated coolant then passes through a steam generator, where it transfers its heat to a secondary coolant loop, producing steam. This steam drives a turbine, which in turn drives an electric generator to produce electricity.

The containment building, typically a large, dome-shaped structure made of reinforced concrete, is designed to prevent the release of radioactive materials in the event of an accident.

Safety Features

PWRs have several safety features designed to prevent accidents and mitigate their effects. These include multiple redundant and diverse cooling systems, emergency core cooling systems, and a robust containment building designed to withstand extreme conditions.

Advantages and Disadvantages

PWRs have several advantages over other types of reactors. They are highly efficient, have a long operational life, and produce a large amount of electricity. They also have a high power density, which means they require less space than other types of reactors.

However, PWRs also have some disadvantages. They produce radioactive waste, which must be carefully managed and stored. They also require a large amount of water for cooling, which can be a problem in areas with limited water resources.

See Also

• Nuclear power
• Nuclear power plant
• Nuclear fission
• Nuclear fuel cycle

References

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