Previtamin D3
Previtamin D3[edit | edit source]
Previtamin D3 is a crucial intermediate in the biosynthesis of Vitamin D3, which is essential for maintaining healthy bones and supporting the immune system. It is formed in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol through a photochemical reaction induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
Biosynthesis[edit | edit source]
The synthesis of Previtamin D3 begins with the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol, a compound found in the skin, into Previtamin D3. This process occurs when the skin is exposed to UVB radiation, which provides the energy necessary to break the B-ring of 7-dehydrocholesterol, resulting in the formation of Previtamin D3.
Once formed, Previtamin D3 undergoes a thermal isomerization to become cholecalciferol, also known as Vitamin D3. This conversion is a slow process that occurs over several hours at body temperature.
Function and Importance[edit | edit source]
Previtamin D3 itself does not have any direct biological activity. However, its conversion to Vitamin D3 is vital for the regulation of calcium and phosphate metabolism in the body. Vitamin D3 is further hydroxylated in the liver to form 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and then in the kidneys to form the active hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
These active forms of Vitamin D are crucial for:
- Promoting the absorption of calcium and phosphate from the gut.
- Maintaining adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone.
- Preventing hypocalcemic tetany, a condition characterized by involuntary muscle contractions.
Factors Affecting Synthesis[edit | edit source]
Several factors can influence the synthesis of Previtamin D3 in the skin:
- Latitude and Season: The angle of the sun affects the intensity of UVB radiation reaching the skin. Higher latitudes and winter months result in less UVB exposure.
- Skin Pigmentation: Melanin in the skin absorbs UVB radiation, reducing the synthesis of Previtamin D3 in individuals with darker skin.
- Age: The concentration of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin decreases with age, reducing the capacity to produce Previtamin D3.
- Sunscreen Use: Sunscreens that block UVB radiation can significantly reduce the production of Previtamin D3.
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