Prince Sawara

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Prince Sawara (沢良親王, Sawara-shinnō, 750–785) was a Japanese prince and a son of Emperor Kōnin. He is notable for his tragic role in the succession disputes of the late 8th century, which culminated in his death and subsequent deification as a Shinto deity. His life story is a poignant example of the complexities of imperial succession and the political machinations of the Nara period.

Early Life

Prince Sawara was born in 750 as one of the sons of Emperor Kōnin and a brother to the future Emperor Kanmu. Little is known about his early life, but as a prince of the blood, he would have received an education befitting his status, likely focusing on Chinese classics, martial arts, and the administration of government.

Succession Dispute

The succession dispute that would ensnare Prince Sawara began in earnest after the death of Emperor Kōnin in 781. Emperor Kanmu, Sawara's brother, ascended to the throne, but the succession was not without controversy. In 785, a plot to place Prince Sawara on the throne was uncovered. This plot, often attributed to the machinations of court officials who were opposed to Emperor Kanmu's policies, led to Prince Sawara being accused of complicity.

Despite his protestations of innocence, Prince Sawara was ordered to be exiled to the province of Awaji. However, he fell ill on the journey and died under mysterious circumstances. Some historical sources suggest that he may have been forced to commit suicide, a common practice at the time for nobles who fell out of favor.

Deification

After his death, a series of calamities and plagues were attributed to Prince Sawara's vengeful spirit. In an effort to appease him, Emperor Kanmu deified his brother, enshrining him as a god. This deification reflects the complex interplay between politics, religion, and superstition in Nara period Japan. Prince Sawara's spirit was enshrined in several locations, most notably at the Gion Shrine in Kyoto, which later became known as Yasaka Shrine. His deification is an example of the practice of kami-zation, where deceased individuals, especially those wronged or with unsettled spirits, were appeased through worship and enshrinement.

Legacy

Prince Sawara's life and untimely death highlight the brutal nature of political power struggles in ancient Japan. His story is a reminder of the human cost of these struggles, as well as the lengths to which those in power would go to secure their position. His deification also underscores the deep connections between the imperial family, religion, and the people of Japan, a relationship that has shaped Japanese culture in profound ways.

Prince Sawara's legacy continues to be honored in Japan, particularly at Yasaka Shrine, where festivals and ceremonies are held to appease his spirit and celebrate his memory. Through these observances, the tragic tale of Prince Sawara remains a part of the living history and cultural heritage of Japan.