Pristella maxillaris

Pristella maxillaris, commonly known as the X-ray tetra or X-ray fish, is a species of freshwater fish belonging to the Characidae family. It is native to the coastal rivers of the Amazon Basin, Orinoco Basin, and other rivers in the Guianas. This species is notable for its almost completely transparent body, through which its vertebral column, swim bladder, and internal organs can be seen, hence the name "X-ray".

Description

The X-ray tetra is a small fish, typically reaching a length of 4-5 cm (1.6-2.0 in). It has a distinctive appearance, with a transparent body that allows for the visibility of its internal anatomy. The fish also features a golden hue along its back, black and white tips on its fins, and a red tail. The unique transparency of its body is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation that helps it evade predators in its natural habitat.

Habitat and Distribution

Pristella maxillaris is found in freshwater environments across the northern part of South America. Its range includes the Amazon and Orinoco river basins and extends to the coastal rivers of the Guianas. The species prefers shallow, slow-moving waters with abundant vegetation, where it forms schools.

Behavior and Ecology

X-ray tetras are schooling fish that exhibit a high degree of social interaction. They are omnivorous, feeding on a diet of algae, small invertebrates, and plant matter. In the wild, they play a role in controlling algae growth and serve as prey for larger fish species, contributing to the ecological balance of their habitats.

Breeding in the wild occurs during the rainy season. Females lay eggs among aquatic plants, which are then fertilized by the males. The transparent larvae hatch after a few days, gradually developing the species' characteristic transparency as they mature.

Aquarium Care

Pristella maxillaris is a popular species in the aquarium hobby due to its unique appearance and peaceful nature. They are relatively easy to care for, requiring an aquarium with a capacity of at least 10 gallons, equipped with a filtration system, and maintained at a temperature of 24-28°C (75-82°F). A varied diet of flake food, brine shrimp, and bloodworms is recommended to keep them healthy in captivity.

Conservation Status

Currently, Pristella maxillaris is not listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. It is considered to be of 'Least Concern' due to its wide distribution and large populations. However, habitat destruction and water pollution pose potential threats to its natural populations.

See Also

• Characidae
• Freshwater aquarium fish
• Fish of the Amazon