Proctocolectomy

Proctocolectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of the rectum and all or part of the colon. This procedure is typically performed to treat diseases of the colon or rectum, such as colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and ulcerative colitis.

Indications

Proctocolectomy is often indicated for patients with severe or refractory cases of IBD, particularly ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. It may also be recommended for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, a condition that significantly increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Procedure

The procedure can be performed using either an open or laparoscopic approach. The surgeon removes the colon and rectum, and then creates an ileostomy or an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). An ileostomy involves bringing the end of the small intestine, or ileum, out through an opening in the abdomen, while an IPAA involves connecting the ileum to the anus to allow for more normal bowel function.

Risks and Complications

As with any major surgery, proctocolectomy carries risks, including infection, bleeding, and complications related to anesthesia. Specific to this procedure, there may also be risks of ileostomy or IPAA complications, such as pouchitis in the case of IPAA.

Recovery

Recovery from proctocolectomy can take several weeks. Patients typically require a hospital stay of up to a week following the procedure. They may also need to make dietary changes and take medications to manage any complications or side effects.

See Also

• Colectomy
• Ileostomy
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Colorectal cancer