Programming languages
| Paradigm | Imperative, Functional, Object-oriented, Procedural, Logic, Scripting |
|---|---|
| Designed by | Various |
| Developer | Various |
| Typing discipline | Static, Dynamic, Inferred |
| Website | {{ |
| Major implementations | |
| Various | |
| Influenced | |
| Software development, Computer science, Information technology | |
Programming languages are formal languages comprising a set of instructions that produce various kinds of output. They are used in computer programming to implement algorithms. Most programming languages consist of instructions for computers. There are programmable machines that use a set of specific instructions, rather than general programming languages.
History[edit | edit source]
The concept of a programming language was first proposed by Ada Lovelace who is often credited as the first computer programmer. Early programming languages were designed in the mid-20th century, with languages like Fortran and COBOL paving the way for the myriad of languages that exist today.
Types of Programming Languages[edit | edit source]
Programming languages are generally classified into several paradigms. Each paradigm supports a specific set of approaches for building the structure and elements of computer programs:
- Imperative: Languages that use statements that change a program's state. Includes procedural languages like C and Pascal.
- Functional: Languages that treat computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions. Examples include Haskell and Erlang.
- Object-oriented (OOP): Languages that are based on the concept of "objects", which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields, and code, in the form of procedures. Notable examples are Java, Python, and Ruby.
- Logic: Languages where the program consists of a set of sentences in logical form, expressing facts and rules about some problem domain. Prolog is a well-known example.
- Scripting: Languages that are often interpreted and used for automating processes. Common examples include Bash, Python, and JavaScript.
Usage[edit | edit source]
Programming languages are used to create software that powers all kinds of applications and systems. They enable developers to write source code that is translated into machine language that is executed by hardware. Different languages are used depending on the purpose of the program, the platform it runs on, and the performance requirements.
See also[edit | edit source]
- List of programming languages
- Comparison of programming languages
- Programming paradigm
- Software development
Categories[edit | edit source]
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