Projective identification

Projective identification is a psychological concept that originates from psychoanalytic theory. It was first introduced by Melanie Klein, a prominent figure in the field of psychoanalysis. Projective identification is a complex process that involves both projection and identification.

Overview

Projective identification occurs when an individual projects their own unwanted feelings, thoughts, or parts of the self onto another person. Unlike simple projection, in projective identification, the person who is the target of the projection begins to identify with and internalize these projected aspects. This process can lead to a dynamic interaction between the projector and the recipient, often resulting in a form of interpersonal manipulation or control.

Mechanism

The mechanism of projective identification involves several steps: 1. Projection: The individual unconsciously projects their own unacceptable feelings or traits onto another person. 2. Induction: The recipient of the projection begins to feel and behave in ways that are congruent with the projected material. 3. Identification: The recipient internalizes the projected aspects, often leading to changes in their own self-perception and behavior.

Clinical Implications

Projective identification is often observed in clinical settings, particularly in the context of borderline personality disorder and other personality disorders. It can complicate the therapeutic relationship, as the therapist may begin to experience and act out the projected feelings or traits. Understanding this process is crucial for effective psychotherapy and psychoanalysis.

Examples

In a therapeutic setting, a patient with intense feelings of anger may project these feelings onto the therapist. The therapist may then begin to feel inexplicably angry or hostile, which can affect the therapeutic process. Recognizing this dynamic allows the therapist to address the underlying issues more effectively.

Related Concepts

Projective identification is related to several other psychoanalytic concepts, including:

• Transference
• Countertransference
• Splitting (psychology)
• Defense mechanisms

See Also

• Melanie Klein
• Psychoanalysis
• Projection (defense mechanism)
• Identification (psychology)
• Borderline personality disorder
• Therapeutic relationship

Further Reading

• Object relations theory
• Psychodynamic psychotherapy
• Unconscious mind