Propanoic acid

Propanoic acid (also known as propionic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2COOH. It is a clear liquid with a pungent odor and is classified as a weak acid. Propanoic acid is used in the production of various chemicals, plastics, and pharmaceuticals, and is also a common food additive.

Chemical Properties

Propanoic acid is a three-carbon carboxylic acid. It is a weak acid due to the presence of a carboxyl group (-COOH), which can donate a proton (H+) in solution. This property makes propanoic acid an important compound in many chemical reactions.

Production

Propanoic acid is produced industrially by the hydrocarboxylation of ethylene using nickel carbonyl as the catalyst. It can also be produced by the oxidation of propionaldehyde or by the bacterial fermentation of sugars or ethanol.

Uses

Propanoic acid is used in a variety of applications. In the food industry, it is used as a preservative and flavoring agent. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used in the production of certain drugs. Propanoic acid is also used in the production of plastics and rubber.

Safety

Propanoic acid is generally safe for use in food and pharmaceuticals, but it can cause skin and eye irritation. It is recommended to handle propanoic acid with care and use appropriate safety equipment.

See Also

• Carboxylic acid
• Chemical reaction
• Pharmaceutical industry
• Food industry