Prostacyclin synthase

Prostacyclin synthase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGIS gene. This enzyme belongs to the family of cytochrome P450 enzymes. It plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of prostacyclin, a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation.

Function

Prostacyclin synthase converts prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to prostacyclin (PGI2). This reaction is a part of the eicosanoid synthesis pathway, which is essential for the production of various bioactive lipids that regulate a wide range of physiological processes, including inflammation, blood flow, and platelet function.

Structure

The prostacyclin synthase enzyme is a monomer with a molecular weight of approximately 55 kDa. It contains a heme prosthetic group, which is involved in the enzyme's catalytic activity.

Clinical significance

Alterations in prostacyclin synthase activity have been associated with various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, pulmonary hypertension, and cancer. In particular, decreased prostacyclin production due to reduced prostacyclin synthase activity is a common feature of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.

See also

• Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase
• Eicosanoid
• Prostaglandin