Prostaglandin G2

Prostaglandin G2 (PGG2) is a type of prostaglandin that is a precursor to other prostaglandins. It is produced from arachidonic acid by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX).

Structure and Properties

Prostaglandin G2 is a 20-carbon molecule that contains a five-membered ring, two side chains, and a peroxide bridge. The peroxide bridge is a key feature of PGG2, as it is involved in the conversion of PGG2 to PGH2.

Biosynthesis

The biosynthesis of PGG2 begins with the release of arachidonic acid from the cell membrane by the enzyme phospholipase A2. The arachidonic acid is then converted to PGG2 by the enzyme cyclooxygenase. This reaction involves the addition of two oxygen molecules to arachidonic acid, forming a peroxide bridge.

Role in the Body

PGG2 is a precursor to other prostaglandins, which are involved in a variety of physiological processes. These include the regulation of inflammation, blood clotting, and smooth muscle contraction. PGG2 itself does not have any known biological activity, but its derivatives play key roles in these processes.

Clinical Significance

The production of PGG2 is a target for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzyme and thus reduce the production of prostaglandins. This can help to reduce inflammation and pain. However, because prostaglandins also play a role in protecting the stomach lining and regulating blood clotting, inhibition of prostaglandin production can also lead to side effects such as stomach ulcers and increased risk of bleeding.

See Also

• Prostaglandin
• Arachidonic acid
• Cyclooxygenase
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug