Prostaglandin G2

Chemical structure of Prostaglandin G2

Prostaglandin G2 (PGG2) is a type of prostaglandin, which are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals. Prostaglandins are derived enzymatically from the fatty acid arachidonic acid.

Biosynthesis

Prostaglandin G2 is synthesized from arachidonic acid by the action of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to PGG2, which is then further converted to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) by the same enzyme. The conversion involves the addition of two molecules of oxygen to form the endoperoxide bridge characteristic of prostaglandins.

Function

Prostaglandin G2 itself is an unstable intermediate and is rapidly converted to other prostaglandins and thromboxanes that have various biological activities. These compounds are involved in the regulation of inflammation, blood flow, the formation of blood clots, and the induction of labor.

Clinical Significance

The pathway involving prostaglandin G2 is a target for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which inhibit the cyclooxygenase enzyme and thus reduce the production of prostaglandins. This inhibition is the basis for the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of NSAIDs.

Related Compounds

• Prostaglandin H2
• Thromboxane A2
• Prostacyclin

Related Pages

• Prostaglandin
• Cyclooxygenase
• Arachidonic acid
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug