Proteinogenic

Proteinogenic amino acids are those amino acids that are incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation. The word "proteinogenic" means "protein creating". Throughout known life, there are 22 genetically encoded (proteinogenic) amino acids, 20 in the standard genetic code and an additional 2 that can be incorporated by special translation mechanisms.

Overview[edit | edit source]

The 22 proteinogenic amino acids are found in genetic code. They are encoded by the standard genetic code. The genetic code is a set of three-nucleotide sets called codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid, or to a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Classification[edit | edit source]

Proteinogenic amino acids can be classified according to a variety of schemes, including their physical properties, metabolic pathways, and more.

By properties[edit | edit source]

Aliphatic: Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Proline
Aromatic: Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Tryptophan
Polar: Serine, Threonine, Cysteine, Tyrosine, Asparagine, Glutamine
Acidic: Aspartic acid, Glutamic acid
Basic: Arginine, Lysine, Histidine

By metabolic pathways[edit | edit source]

Non-proteinogenic amino acids[edit | edit source]

In addition to the 22 proteinogenic amino acids, there are many non-proteinogenic amino acids. Non-proteinogenic amino acids are not found in proteins, but are significant in the biosynthesis of proteins.

References[edit | edit source]

Proteinogenic Resources
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