Psaltery

Chiesa di San Maurizio - Salterio - Scuola Veniziana - 1700

Walraversijde94

Gorleston Psalter psaltery player

AlaBohemicaPsaltery

18th century psaltery

Benedictine Psalter - King playing a psalter

Psaltery is a term that refers to a class of stringed instruments that have been used across many cultures and periods in history. The psaltery of the Middle Ages and Renaissance is typically a plucked or sometimes struck zither, consisting of a flat, often wooden soundboard with strings attached. Its history can be traced back to ancient times, with its origins often linked to the Middle East and the Mediterranean region. Over the centuries, the psaltery has evolved in design and playing techniques, reflecting the musical and cultural practices of various societies.

History

The psaltery's history begins in ancient civilizations, where it was known by various names and forms. In the Bible, the psaltery (from the Greek psalterion) is mentioned as a musical instrument, suggesting its use in religious and ceremonial contexts. The instrument spread across the Roman Empire, adapting to the musical traditions of the regions. By the Middle Ages, the psaltery had become a popular instrument across Europe, used in both secular and sacred music.

Design

The design of the psaltery varies significantly across different periods and regions. However, common features include a flat soundboard made of wood, with strings stretched over it. The number of strings can vary, as can their arrangement and the method of tuning. Some psalteries are played with a plectrum or quill, while others are plucked with the fingers. The instrument's shape also varies, with some having a triangular or wing-shaped outline, and others being more rectangular.

Playing Techniques

Playing techniques for the psaltery depend on its design and the musical tradition it is part of. Plucking the strings with fingers or a plectrum is the most common method, but some traditions also involve striking the strings with hammers. The psaltery can be played solo or as part of an ensemble, accompanying singers or other instruments.

Cultural Significance

The psaltery holds a significant place in the musical traditions of many cultures. In the Middle Ages, it was associated with the minstrel and bard traditions of Europe, playing a key role in the performance of epic poems and songs. In the Byzantine Empire, the psaltery was an important instrument in religious ceremonies and court music. Its presence in art and literature from various periods highlights its importance as a symbol of musical and cultural heritage.

Modern Usage

While the popularity of the psaltery has waned since the Renaissance, it has experienced a revival in recent years, particularly in the context of early music performances and folk music. Modern musicians and instrument makers have also experimented with the design of the psaltery, incorporating new materials and technologies to expand its sonic possibilities.

See Also

• Zither
• Harp
• Lute
• Music of the Middle Ages
• Renaissance music