Pubococcygeal

Pubococcygeus muscle

Muscles of the male perineum (pubococcygeus visible at center)
Latin	musculus pubococcygeus
Nerve	Pudendal nerve

The pubococcygeus muscle (PC muscle) is a key component of the levator ani muscle group, which forms part of the pelvic floor. This muscle plays a crucial role in supporting the pelvic organs, maintaining continence, and contributing to sexual function.

Anatomy

The pubococcygeus muscle originates from the posterior surface of the pubic bone and extends to the coccyx, forming a sling around the pelvic organs. It is part of the levator ani muscle group, which also includes the iliococcygeus and puborectalis muscles.

Innervation

The pubococcygeus muscle is innervated by the pudendal nerve, which arises from the sacral plexus (S2-S4). This nerve provides both motor and sensory innervation, allowing for voluntary control of the muscle.

Function

The primary functions of the pubococcygeus muscle include:

• Support of Pelvic Organs: The muscle helps maintain the position of the bladder, uterus (in females), and rectum, preventing prolapse.
• Continence: It plays a role in controlling the flow of urine and feces by maintaining tension in the pelvic floor.
• Sexual Function: During sexual activity, the pubococcygeus muscle contracts, contributing to orgasm and ejaculation.

Clinical Significance

Weakness or dysfunction of the pubococcygeus muscle can lead to several clinical conditions, including:

• Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A condition where pelvic organs descend due to inadequate support.
• Urinary Incontinence: Involuntary leakage of urine, often due to weakened pelvic floor muscles.
• Sexual Dysfunction: Issues such as reduced sexual sensation or difficulty achieving orgasm.

Strengthening Exercises

Kegel exercises are commonly recommended to strengthen the pubococcygeus muscle. These exercises involve repeated contraction and relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles to improve muscle tone and function.

Also see

• Pelvic floor
• Levator ani
• Kegel exercises
• Pudendal nerve