Mastitis

Mastitis is a condition characterized by the inflammation of breast tissue that results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness. It may also cause flu-like symptoms such as fever and chills. It's most commonly caused by a bacterial infection and frequently affects women who are breastfeeding, though it can occur in women who aren't breastfeeding and in men as well.

Mastitis in breast

Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis and Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis

Atlas of clinical surgery; with special reference to diagnosis and treatment for practitioners and students (1908) (14768289625)

Etiology and Pathophysiology

Mastitis is most often caused by common skin or oral bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, that enter the breast tissue through a cracked or sore nipple. This can result from a blocked milk duct or from bacteria entering the breast tissue during breastfeeding.

Pecho enrojecido

Once the bacteria have infiltrated the breast tissue, the body's immune system responds, leading to inflammation and swelling. This inflammation can increase pressure in the breast tissue, causing pain and discomfort.

Clinical Presentation

Symptoms of mastitis can appear abruptly and may include:

• Swelling, tenderness, or pain in one breast
• Redness of the breast often in a wedge-shaped pattern
• The affected breast feels warm or hot to the touch
• Fever of 101 F (38.3 C) or greater
• Chills and flu-like symptoms

Diagnosis

Mastitis is primarily diagnosed based on physical examination and patient's symptoms. If an abscess is suspected or if mastitis recurs, further diagnostic procedures, such as a breast ultrasound or mammography, may be conducted. In some cases, a milk culture or biopsy may be necessary.

Treatment

Mastitis treatment involves antibiotics to clear up the infection. Pain relievers may also be prescribed to alleviate pain and discomfort. It's important to continue breastfeeding during this time, as emptying the breast helps clear the infection.

In the event an abscess forms (a pocket of pus), it may need to be drained. This is done either with a needle or with a small incision, under local anesthesia.

Prevention

Proper breastfeeding technique and ensuring the breast is fully emptied of milk can help reduce the risk of mastitis. A lactation consultant can provide helpful guidance on these methods.

See also

• Breastfeeding difficulties
• Breast abscess
• Lactation consultant

Mastitis Resources
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