Purine synthesis inhibitor

Purine synthesis inhibitors are a class of drugs that inhibit the production of purines. Purines are essential components of DNA, RNA, and ATP, and are therefore crucial for cell survival and function. By inhibiting purine synthesis, these drugs can slow down the growth and proliferation of cells, particularly rapidly dividing cells such as cancer cells.

Mechanism of action

Purine synthesis inhibitors work by blocking the enzymes involved in the synthesis of purines. There are several steps in the purine synthesis pathway, and different drugs can inhibit different steps. For example, mercaptopurine and azathioprine inhibit the enzyme PRPP amidotransferase, which is involved in the first step of purine synthesis. Methotrexate, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate, a coenzyme required for purine synthesis.

Clinical uses

Purine synthesis inhibitors are used in the treatment of various diseases, particularly cancers and autoimmune diseases. In cancer treatment, they are used to slow down the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. In autoimmune diseases, they are used to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation.

Side effects

Like all drugs, purine synthesis inhibitors can have side effects. These can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and bone marrow suppression, which can lead to a decrease in the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets in the body.

See also

• Purine
• Purine metabolism
• Antimetabolite
• Chemotherapy

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