Pygarg

Addax nasomaculatus Zoo Praha 2011-1

Pygarg is a term that appears in some translations of the Bible, specifically in the list of animals mentioned in Deuteronomy 14:5. The exact identity of the pygarg has been a subject of debate among scholars and theologians due to the vague descriptions and the challenges of translating ancient texts. The term itself is derived from the Greek word pygargos, which literally means "white-rumped". This description has led some to speculate that the pygarg mentioned in the Bible could be referring to an antelope species known for a distinctive white patch on its rear, possibly the Addax or the Eland.

Biblical References

In the Book of Deuteronomy, the pygarg is listed among the clean animals, meaning it was considered acceptable for consumption by the Israelites. The passage (Deuteronomy 14:4-5) outlines the animals that are permissible to eat and includes the pygarg among other animals like the ox, sheep, goat, deer, and gazelle. The inclusion of the pygarg in this list highlights its importance or familiarity to the people at the time, although its exact identity remains uncertain.

Identification

The primary challenge in identifying the pygarg lies in the translation and interpretation of ancient texts. The Hebrew word used in the original text is dishon, which has been translated into Greek as pygargos and then into English as pygarg. Various species have been proposed as the likely candidates for the pygarg, including:

• Addax: A desert-dwelling antelope with a notable white rump, which fits the description of pygargos. The addax is known for its adaptability to harsh desert environments, which would have been common in regions mentioned in the Bible.
• Eland: Another antelope species that has been considered as a possible identity for the pygarg. Elands are large antelopes with a distinctive white rump, fitting the description of pygargos.

Cultural and Religious Significance

The mention of the pygarg in the Bible underscores the animal's significance in the dietary laws and cultural practices of the ancient Israelites. Clean animals, as defined in the Book of Deuteronomy, were not only permissible for consumption but also played a role in religious and ceremonial practices. The identification and understanding of these animals contribute to our knowledge of ancient dietary laws, wildlife, and the ecological context of the time.

Modern Interpretations

Today, the debate over the pygarg's identity is of interest to theologians, historians, and biologists who seek to understand the historical and ecological context of the Bible. Identifying the pygarg and other animals mentioned in ancient texts can provide insights into the biodiversity of the region, changes in wildlife populations, and the relationship between people and their environment.