Quinoline Yellow WS

Quinoline Yellow WS

Quinoline Yellow WS is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used in foods. It is denoted by the E number E104 and is known for its use in ice creams, smoked haddock, and many confectionery items. It is often used in combination with other food colorings. It is also used in soaps, shampoos, and other cosmetic products.

Chemical Structure

Quinoline Yellow WS is a mixture of disulfonates (principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl)indan-1,3-dione. It is a derivative of quinoline, a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. The 'WS' in its name stands for Water Soluble, indicating its property to dissolve in water.

Safety and Regulations

Quinoline Yellow WS is approved for use in the European Union, Australia, and New Zealand. However, it is banned in the United States, Norway, and Japan due to potential health concerns. The European Food Safety Authority has set an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.5 mg/kg body weight.

Health Effects

Some studies have suggested that Quinoline Yellow WS may have adverse effects on hyperactivity in children. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings. It is also known to cause allergic reactions in individuals sensitive to it.

Alternatives

Due to health concerns and restrictions in some countries, food manufacturers often use alternatives to Quinoline Yellow WS. These include natural colorings like turmeric, saffron, and annatto, as well as other synthetic dyes that are approved for use in more countries.

See Also

• Food coloring
• E number
• Azo compound
• Quinoline

References

• Food Additives Data Book. Jim Smith, Lily Hong-Shum. 2011.
• Handbook of Food Additives. Michael Ash, Irene Ash. 2004.
• Food Chemicals Codex. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2003.

External Links

• EFSA - European Food Safety Authority
• FDA - U.S. Food and Drug Administration