Quisqualic acid

Quisqualic acid is a naturally occurring amino acid that is found in the seeds of the plant Quisqualis indica, also known as the Chinese honeysuckle. It is a potent neurotransmitter, specifically an excitatory amino acid, that acts on the glutamate receptors in the brain.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Quisqualic acid is a derivative of the amino acid glutamic acid. It has a molecular formula of C5H7NO4 and a molecular weight of 147.11 g/mol. The compound is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. It has a melting point of 202-204 degrees Celsius.

Biological Activity

Quisqualic acid is a potent excitatory neurotransmitter that acts on the glutamate receptors in the brain. It is known to stimulate the NMDA receptor, the AMPA receptor, and the kainate receptor, all of which are types of glutamate receptors. This stimulation can lead to increased neuronal activity and can potentially cause excitotoxicity, a process that can lead to neuronal damage or death.

Medical and Scientific Use

Due to its ability to stimulate glutamate receptors, quisqualic acid has been used in scientific research to study the function of these receptors and the role they play in various neurological conditions. It has also been used in the development of drugs for the treatment of conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia.

Safety and Toxicity

While quisqualic acid is a naturally occurring compound, it can be toxic if consumed in large amounts. It can cause excitotoxicity, which can lead to neuronal damage or death. Therefore, it should be handled with care and used only under the supervision of a trained professional.

See Also

• Glutamic acid
• Neurotransmitter
• Excitotoxicity