Qullqa

Ollantaytambo, storage rooms (qollqas)

Qullqa (also spelled Qolqa or Collca) were important structures within the Inca Empire, serving as state-controlled storage facilities. These buildings played a crucial role in the Inca's ability to manage resources, support their expansive empire, and respond to the needs of their population. The Qullqa were strategically located throughout the empire, often situated along Inca roads and near administrative centers or tambos, which were rest stops or relay points for Inca messengers, known as Chasqui.

Function and Importance

The primary function of the Qullqa was to store food, clothing, weapons, and other essential goods. These goods were collected as part of the Mit'a system, a form of labor tax that required subjects of the empire to work on various state projects, including agriculture and construction. The stored items were used to feed the empire's vast army, support the extensive network of officials and administrators, and provide relief in times of famine or disaster.

The strategic placement of Qullqa near key points in the empire allowed for efficient distribution of resources. This system of storage and distribution was a testament to the Inca's advanced understanding of logistics and statecraft, enabling them to maintain control over a vast and diverse territory.

Architecture and Design

Qullqa structures varied in size but were typically large, with a circular or rectangular shape. They were built using the Incan architectural technique of ashlar masonry, which involved cutting stones precisely to fit together without mortar. The design of Qullqa included ventilation systems to keep the stored goods dry and prevent spoilage. The doors of these storage facilities faced away from prevailing winds to minimize the entry of moisture.

Cultural and Economic Impact

The existence of Qullqa underscored the Inca's sophisticated economic system, which was based on the redistribution of resources rather than market exchange. The state's control over the production, storage, and distribution of goods allowed the Inca to wield significant power over their subjects, integrating diverse peoples into the empire and mitigating the risk of rebellion by ensuring the population's basic needs were met.

Furthermore, the Qullqa system facilitated the Inca's ambitious projects, such as the construction of the Machu Picchu and the expansion of the Inca road system, by providing a steady supply of resources. This system also played a crucial role in the Inca's ability to mobilize and sustain their military campaigns, which were essential for the expansion and defense of the empire.

Legacy

The remnants of Qullqa can still be seen today in various parts of Peru and are a testament to the Inca's engineering skills and their sophisticated approach to economics and governance. These ancient storehouses continue to fascinate archaeologists and historians, providing insights into the functioning of the Inca Empire and its ability to manage resources effectively.