Qurban (Islamic ritual sacrifice)

A 15th-century Timurid depiction of angel confronting Abraham and Ishmael

Qurban (also spelled Kurban, Qurbani, or Udhiyah) is an Islamic ritual sacrifice of certain livestock animals during Eid al-Adha, the Festival of Sacrifice, which is the second of two Islamic holidays celebrated worldwide each year. The other being Eid al-Fitr. The practice of Qurban is considered a Sunnah for those who are able to afford it, and it commemorates the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to Allah, before Allah provided a ram to sacrifice instead.

Origins and Significance

The origins of Qurban can be traced back to the Quran, where the story of Ibrahim's trial is recounted. Allah commanded Ibrahim to sacrifice his son, Ismail (Ishmael), in a test of faith. However, when Ibrahim showed his willingness to submit to Allah's command, Allah intervened and provided a ram to be sacrificed in Ismail's place. This event is commemorated annually by Muslims through the Qurban ritual during Eid al-Adha.

The significance of Qurban lies not only in its commemoration of Ibrahim's devotion but also in its emphasis on charity and feeding the less fortunate. A portion of the meat from the sacrificed animal is distributed to the poor, promoting a sense of brotherhood and solidarity among Muslims.

Ritual Practice

The ritual of Qurban involves the slaughtering of specific types of animals, namely sheep, goats, cattle, and camels, in a manner that adheres to Islamic halal slaughtering practices. The sacrifice can only be performed after the Eid prayer on the morning of Eid al-Adha and must be completed before sunset on the third day of Eid. The meat is divided into three equal parts: one part for the family, one part for relatives and friends, and one part for the poor and needy.

Eligibility

Participation in Qurban is mandatory for every sane, adult Muslim who has the financial means to do so. It is considered a symbol of a Muslim's submission to Allah and a means to attain closeness to Him.

Contemporary Issues

In modern times, the practice of Qurban has faced various challenges, including concerns about animal welfare, environmental sustainability, and the economic burden on poorer families. Many Muslim communities and scholars are engaging in discussions on how to address these issues while preserving the ritual's religious significance.

See Also

• Eid al-Adha
• Halal
• Islamic holidays
• Ibrahim (Abraham)