RAPD
RAPD or Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA is a type of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) used to amplify DNA from a variety of sources. The technique is used in genetics research, including genetic mapping, genetic fingerprinting, and species differentiation.
Overview[edit | edit source]
RAPD is a PCR variation that has been used to generate an arbitrary DNA sequence from a complex mixture of DNA sequences. The technique involves the use of a single, short, and arbitrary nucleotide sequence to prime on both strands of the template DNA and amplify a discrete set of loci which are randomly distributed throughout the genome.
Procedure[edit | edit source]
The RAPD procedure involves the following steps:
- DNA extraction: The DNA is extracted from the cells of the organism under study.
- Amplification: The extracted DNA is amplified using a single primer of arbitrary sequence in a PCR reaction.
- Gel electrophoresis: The amplified DNA fragments are separated by size using gel electrophoresis.
- Analysis: The resulting pattern of bands is analyzed and compared with patterns from other samples.
Applications[edit | edit source]
RAPD has been used in a variety of applications, including:
- Genetic mapping: RAPD markers can be used to construct genetic maps of organisms for which no genetic information is available.
- Genetic fingerprinting: RAPD can be used to generate unique genetic profiles for individuals or populations.
- Species differentiation: RAPD can be used to differentiate between closely related species.
Limitations[edit | edit source]
Despite its wide range of applications, RAPD has several limitations. These include:
- Reproducibility: The RAPD technique is highly sensitive to changes in PCR conditions, which can lead to variability in results.
- Dominant nature of markers: RAPD markers are dominant, meaning they cannot distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous individuals.
- Lack of sequence information: RAPD does not provide any information about the actual DNA sequence of the amplified fragments.
See also[edit | edit source]
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