Radioactive Iodine

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Pronunciation
Appearance
Atomic number (Z)	53
Group	17 (halogens)
Period	5
Block	p
Category	Reactive nonmetal
Atomic weight	126.90447(3) (std)
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 7

Radioactive Iodine

Radioactive iodine refers to the isotopes of iodine that exhibit radioactivity. The most common radioactive isotopes of iodine are iodine-131 (^131I) and iodine-123 (^123I). These isotopes are used in various medical and industrial applications due to their radioactive properties.

Medical Applications

Radioactive iodine is widely used in the field of nuclear medicine for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. One of the most common applications is the use of iodine-131 in the treatment of thyroid disorders, particularly thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism. The radioactive iodine is taken up by the thyroid gland and destroys the abnormal cells, thereby reducing the size of the tumor or controlling the overactive thyroid gland.

Iodine-123 is another commonly used isotope in nuclear medicine. It is used in imaging studies, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), to visualize the structure and function of various organs in the body. Iodine-123 has a shorter half-life compared to iodine-131, making it suitable for diagnostic purposes.

Industrial Applications

Radioactive iodine also finds applications in various industrial sectors. One of the major uses is in the field of radiography, where iodine-131 is used as a gamma-ray source for non-destructive testing of materials. It is particularly useful in detecting defects or cracks in metal components.

Another important application is in the field of sterilization. Radioactive iodine-131 can be used to sterilize medical equipment and supplies, as it effectively kills bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms. This method of sterilization is widely used in the healthcare industry.

Safety Considerations

Due to the radioactive nature of iodine isotopes, proper safety precautions must be taken when handling and using radioactive iodine. The use of lead shielding and appropriate personal protective equipment is essential to minimize radiation exposure. Additionally, strict regulations and guidelines are in place to ensure the safe handling, storage, and disposal of radioactive iodine.

See Also

• Iodine
• Isotope
• Nuclear Medicine
• Radiography
• Sterilization