Ramadan (calendar month)

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An iftar meal

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Martyrdom of Imam

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (Sawm), prayer, reflection, and community. It is considered the holiest month in Islam, commemorating the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according to Islamic belief. This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam. The month lasts 29–30 days based on the visual sightings of the crescent moon, according to numerous biographical accounts compiled in the Hadiths.

Observance

During Ramadan, adult Muslims are required to fast from dawn to dusk. The pre-dawn meal before the fast is known as Suhoor, and the meal to break the fast after sunset is called Iftar. Fasting during Ramadan is fard (obligatory) for adult Muslims, except for those who are suffering from an illness, traveling, elderly, pregnant, breastfeeding, diabetic, or going through menstrual bleeding.

Fasting in Islam is intended to bring the faithful closer to God and to remind them of the suffering of those less fortunate. Muslims are also encouraged to observe the Five Pillars of Islam, increase their offering of Salat (prayers), recite the Quran, and show generous behavior by engaging in charity (Zakat and Sadaqah) and community service.

Significance

The month of Ramadan holds great significance in Islam; it is believed that the Quran was first revealed to Muhammad during this month. The night of the first revelation is known as Laylat al-Qadr, which is considered the holiest night of the year.

Muslims believe that fasting cleanses the body, and the practice teaches self-discipline, self-control, sacrifice, and empathy for those who are less fortunate, thus encouraging actions of generosity and compulsory charity (Zakat).

Cultural Practices

Cultural practices during Ramadan vary widely across the Islamic world. In many countries, it is common to hear the Adhan (call to prayer) more frequently, and special prayers called Tarawih are held in mosques every night of the month, during which a section of the Quran is recited. Many Muslims dress more conservatively during Ramadan and spend more time at mosques and with their families. Additionally, special foods and delicacies are prepared for Iftar, and communities often come together to break their fasts.

End of Ramadan

The end of Ramadan is marked by the holiday of Eid al-Fitr, which is celebrated with prayers, feasting, and giving of gifts and charity. Eid al-Fitr starts with the sighting of the new moon, which is followed by a day of celebration after a month of fasting.

Health Effects

While fasting during Ramadan is safe for healthy individuals, those with medical conditions should consult a healthcare professional before participating. It is important to consume a balanced diet during Suhoor and Iftar to maintain health throughout the month.