Circumflex fibular artery

Circumflex fibular artery is a small but significant artery in the human body, primarily involved in the vascular supply of the knee joint and adjacent regions. This artery originates from the popliteal artery, just below the knee, and plays a crucial role in the circulatory network around the knee and the fibula.

Anatomy

The circumflex fibular artery branches off from the popliteal artery, which itself is a continuation of the femoral artery after it passes through the adductor hiatus. After its origin, the circumflex fibular artery courses laterally around the neck of the fibula, a process that involves it winding around the bone to reach its anterior aspect. During its course, it is closely associated with the fibular collateral ligament of the knee and the biceps femoris muscle.

This artery is known for its anastomoses (connections) with other arteries around the knee, including branches of the anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, and the lateral superior genicular artery. These anastomoses are essential for providing a collateral circulation around the knee, especially important during knee flexion when the primary blood supply might be compromised.

Function

The primary function of the circumflex fibular artery is to supply blood to the lateral aspect of the knee joint, the fibular head, and the upper part of the tibia. It also contributes to the blood supply of the surrounding muscles and the skin over this region. The collateral circulation established by its anastomoses ensures that the knee joint receives a sufficient blood supply even in positions that might occlude larger arteries.

Clinical Significance

The circumflex fibular artery is of particular interest in orthopedic and vascular surgery. Its location and relationship with the fibula and knee joint make it a landmark in surgical procedures involving the knee. Moreover, its role in collateral circulation makes it a critical artery in the context of knee surgeries and reconstructions. Injury to this artery, though rare, can lead to complications such as inadequate blood supply to the knee region, which can affect healing and function post-surgery.

In procedures such as knee arthroscopy or ligament reconstruction, knowledge of the circumflex fibular artery's anatomy is crucial to avoid inadvertent damage. Additionally, in cases of severe trauma or knee replacement surgeries, ensuring the integrity of this artery and its anastomoses is vital for maintaining proper blood flow to the knee and lower leg.

See Also

• Popliteal artery
• Femoral artery
• Anterior tibial artery
• Posterior tibial artery
• Knee joint