Ranunculus acris

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Illustration Ranunculus acris0

Ranunculus acris

Ranunculus acris is a species of flowering plant in the Ranunculaceae family, known by several common names including meadow buttercup, tall buttercup, and common buttercup. It is native to Europe, but has been introduced to many other parts of the world as an ornamental plant and can sometimes be found growing wild in these regions.

Description

Ranunculus acris is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows to a height of 30 to 70 cm. Its stems are erect and branched, with glossy, deeply lobed leaves. The lower leaves have long petioles, while the upper leaves are sessile or have very short petioles. The plant is known for its bright yellow flowers, which are typically 1 to 2.5 cm in diameter. Each flower has five petals, numerous stamens, and a green, globular cluster of carpels. The flowering period extends from late spring to early summer.

The fruit of Ranunculus acris is an achene, which is a small, dry, one-seeded fruit that does not open at maturity. The achenes are collected together in a head, making dispersal by wind possible.

Habitat and Distribution

Ranunculus acris is commonly found in meadows, grasslands, and along roadsides. It prefers moist, nutrient-rich soils but can adapt to a wide range of soil types. Originally from Europe, the species has spread to North America, New Zealand, and parts of Asia. In some areas outside its native range, it is considered an invasive species due to its ability to outcompete native vegetation.

Ecology

This species plays a role in the ecosystem by providing nectar and pollen for a variety of insects, including bees, butterflies, and flies. However, it is also toxic to livestock, especially when fresh. The plant contains ranunculin, which is converted to protoanemonin upon damage to the plant. Protoanemonin can cause dermatitis in humans and is toxic to cattle, horses, and other livestock if ingested in large quantities.

Cultivation and Uses

While Ranunculus acris is often seen as a weed in agricultural settings, it is also cultivated for its ornamental value. Its bright yellow flowers can add color to gardens and meadows. The plant prefers full sun to partial shade and can be propagated by seed or division in the autumn or spring.

Control

In areas where Ranunculus acris is considered invasive, control measures may include manual removal, mowing before seed set, and the application of herbicides. However, care must be taken to avoid damage to native species and to follow local regulations regarding herbicide use.