Ravana

Ravanan - King of Lanka

Ravi Varma-Ravana Sita Jathayu

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RavanKailashAndolan

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COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Reliëf op de aan Brahma gewijde tempel op de Candi Lara Jonggrang oftewel het Prambanan tempelcomplex TMnr 10016175

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Mani Madhava Chakyar as Ravana

Phu Yak

Ravana is a key figure in the Hindu epic, the Ramayana, where he is depicted as the king of Lanka (often identified with modern-day Sri Lanka) and the primary antagonist of the hero, Rama. Ravana is described as a devout follower of Shiva, a great scholar, a capable ruler, and a maestro of the Veena. However, his desire to overpower the gods and his abduction of Sita, the wife of Rama, due to his lust, leads to his downfall and ultimately, his death in the epic.

Origins and Family

Ravana is said to be born to the sage Vishrava and his wife, Kaikesi. He belongs to the Daitya lineage through his mother and is part of the Brahmin caste through his father, making him a Brahmarakshasa. Ravana has several brothers, including Kumbhakarna and Vibhishana, and a sister, Surpanakha. His devoutness to Shiva earns him several boons, which contribute to his formidable strength and powers.

Kingdom of Lanka

Under Ravana's rule, Lanka is described as a prosperous kingdom, rich in wealth and architecture. Ravana's palace is said to be made of gold, and his rule is considered just and effective. However, his arrogance and his actions against the gods and humans lead to conflicts that eventually bring about his downfall.

Abduction of Sita

The turning point in Ravana's story is his abduction of Sita, which he carries out to avenge the insult of his sister, Surpanakha, by Lakshmana, Rama's brother. This act of abduction is the catalyst for the events that lead up to the great war in the Ramayana between Rama's forces and those of Ravana.

The War and Death

The war between Rama and Ravana is a central part of the Ramayana. Ravana's defeat and death at the hands of Rama are depicted as a victory of good over evil. Despite his negative portrayal, Ravana is also respected for his knowledge and devotion to Shiva.

Cultural Impact

Ravana has a complex character that has been interpreted in various ways over time. In some parts of India and in other countries like Sri Lanka, he is revered for his wisdom and considered a great ruler. The annual Dussehra festival celebrates Ravana's defeat and is a major event in many parts of India.

In Literature and Arts

Ravana has been a subject of fascination in literature, arts, and culture. His character has been explored in various texts, plays, and films, highlighting different aspects of his personality, from his scholarly attributes to his role as the antagonist in the Ramayana.